• Discovery of bacteriophages for lactococci
• Bacteriophages for lactic acid bacteria
• Bacteriophage lysins
  • Assay of phage lysins
  • Isolation and purification of phage lysins
  • Effect of lysin-producing phages in dairy fermentations
  • Role of phage lysin in intracellular phage release
• Morphology and classification of bacteriophages
• Enumeration of bacteriophages
  • Double agar plaque assay
  • Challenges of getting bacteriophages to form plaques
  • Indirect Assay of Lactococcal Bacteriophages
• Isolation and purification of bacteriophages
• Preparation and storage of high titre lactococcal lysates
• Industrial significance of lactococcal bacteriophages
• Bacteriophage control in cheese manufacture

This section provides links to articles on the discovery, biology, lysins, industrial significance, control, isolation, propagation, storage and enumeration (assay) of  bacteriophages on this website.

It is important to note that while bacteriophage, usually abbreviated to phage, infection is a major cause of poor growth and acid production by starter cultures, that these bacteria may also be inhibited by added substances including antibiotics, sterilant and detergent residues, or free fatty acids produced by or as a result of the growth of microorganisms, and natural often called indigenous antimicrobial proteins. Additionally use of incorrect temperatures during fermentation processes can also cause problems.